anatomic

mical planes for dissection to reduce bleeding and nerve injury Identification and protection of neurovascular bundles Gentle tissue handling to prevent unnecessary trauma Ensuring adequate visualization with appropriate retractors Complications and How to Avoid Them Neurovascular Injury Ac

g is limited; visualizes atrial septum and inferior vena cava (IVC). Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of chambers guides the selection and interpretation of these views. Valve Anatomy and Its Sonographic Appearance Four main valves regulate blood f